Hi Andy!
I'm late to the party, having been occupied with non-cycling things this week (Yes! Really! It is tragic...) I was away and didn't see your thread till now.
I'm not sure about frame size, but if step-over height is an issue for your Dad, I don't think many bikes come lower than Biria Bicycles' Easy Boarding Series:
http://www.biria.com/series/easy-boarding The stepover is as low as 6in/15.24cm. They're very popular with people who ride with rheumatoid arthritis and, yes, knee replacements -- at least in the early post-recovery days for the latter, when it is a real struggle to bend the knee far enough when raising a leg. Nice, too, following hip replacements, when there is considerable concern about rotating the joint outwards while muscle tension is low (pop-outs and dislocations result in some "discomfort" <= A polite, understated medical code word for agonizing pain)
I've actually tried one of these Biria Easy Boarders briefly, and was amazed it had *any* frame rigidity given the extremely low opening, but it really did amazingly well thanks to the use of very large-diameter tubing.
Tavara (
http://www.vanraam.co.uk/low-step-through-bike--+--senior-bicycle/itm/13934 ) make a low-standover bike with such a laid-back seat tube angle, it is possible to easily place both feet flat on the ground when stopped. This is also true of a number of semi-recumbent upright designs, many of which also share a low stepover.
Stevens of Germany make a nice, low-stepover frame that is
remarkably light, shown here:
http://www.stevensbikes.de/2010/index.php?bik_id=142&lang=en_USSome of these are available with a pedelec/battery option, or can be easily converted. Looking at Andre's experience and that of others, a pedelec option might be a nice option for your father, and would certainly take some of the strain off his knees. Kalkhoff has some nice examples with bottom-bracket located motors, shown among their offerings here:
http://www.kalkhoff-bikes.com/int/en/models/2012.htmlThere's a really nice roundup of bikes for the differently-abled in this PDF:
www.getcycling.org.uk/media/bikes-not-barriers.pdfGetcycling.org have a Disability Bike Festival with over 100 bicycle models to try out in person. See:
http://www.getcycling.org.uk/media/BNB_POSTER.pdf ...and...
http://www.getcycling.org.uk/specialneeds.php UK residents can request the show visit their immediate area. Details are here:
http://bikesnotbarriers.org/ Getcycling is in York and has a contact page here:
http://www.getcycling.org.uk/contact-us.phpThere are also many <cough> recumbents which have a very low stepover as well. The difficulty for people with knee trouble can come from rising to stand from the very low riding position.
I hope this helps your father, Andy. It seems to me the more options and choices he has, the more likely he is to find the "best" solution for his needs. Please give him a hearty "well done!" for me on his persistence to ride again.
All the best,
Dan.
*Andy!* Here's a low-frame solution for your cargo and grandchild-carrying needs:
http://www.circecycles.com/products/helios/brut.php ...and...
http://www.circecycles.com/products/helios/childcarrying.php One of those and an Atlas trailer (
http://www.circecycles.com/products/atlas/ ), and you're set for anything. Or, one of these:
http://clevercycles.com/blog/2011/09/22/xtravois-2-0-our-oregon-manifest-bike/