Thanks all for the reassurances,
The wheel was off the bike - with the mystery piece underneath the wheel, hence my worry.
All is back together now, and all 14 gears are working.
I’ve owned the bike from new since 2008 and done many oil changes before.
I just can’t figure out where this part came from as my only other bikes have a 3 speed Sturmey-Archer or an 11 speed Shimano Alfine.
PS. Just noticed that I described the Speedhub as “Eternal” Here’s hoping