I have a couple of Thorn frames with Nexus 8 Premium hubs in them. One is a clearance Raven Tour that I used to build my "new" utility bike, the other a Raven Tour Step Through used as a visitor bike.
Nexus 8 Premium is very similar internally to an Alfine 8 with the same needle roller bearings in the planets that are claimed to give greater efficiency than the plain bearings in the standard Nexus 8 hubs. The main differences between Nexus 8 Premium and Alfine 8 when I bought mine were a lower quality finish and provision for a roller brake rather than a disk. Shifters were interchangeable, my wife prefers the Nexus twist grip while I prefer the Alfine Rapidfire (on flat bars) or the Jtek bar end Shifter (on flat bars). Current model Alfine 8 hubs now have a reversed shifting direction compared to Nexus 8 standard and Premium hubs.
The chainline is not the same as a Rohloff, it is further inboard on the Nexus 8 Premium. So I used dished sprockets to bring the chainline close to that of the Rohloff in order to use the same bottom-bracket axle and chainset. I am fairly sure the Alfine 8 has the same chainline, and I think the Alfine 11 is probably also the same, though I haven't had one of the latter to play with.
Cable routing is different. Rohloff's two cables go to the LHS, Shimano Alfine and Nexus single cables all go to the RHS. So a bit less neat as I use ziplock ties. I have the cable going along the chainstay, but with Shimano hubs it is easy to change the orientation by using different anti-turn washers (done this when fitting a Nexus 8 Premium to my wife's Brompton).
I have had no problems using the Shimano anti-turn washers in the Thorn dropouts designed for Rohloff.
My reasons for fitting Nexus 8 Premium rather than Alfine 8: significantly cheaper (they were on offer at SJS at about £70) and no need for a disk brake.
My reasons for not fitting an Alfine 11, apart from the higher price: the Alfine 11 is reputed to be less forgiving with respect to bad cable adjustment and generally more fragile than Shimano's 8-speed models (important considerations on a visitor bike). And I don't need the extra range on my utility bike.
Shimano hub gears are supposed to be less efficient than Rohloff, this is confirmed by test results such as the link below:
https://www.cyclingabout.com/speed-difference-testing-gearbox-systems/But I believe this test used the standard Nexus 8 (they also label it Inter-8), which is supposed to be less efficient than Alfine 8 and Nexus 8 Premium. In practice I don't notice any difference in efficiency between my Nexus 8 Premium bike and my Rohloff tourer on short to medium length local rides. The Rohloff is better in very hilly areas due to the wider gear range and on longish rides due to the close and even gear spacing, where I occasionally find the 22.3% jump between gears 5 and 6 on the Nexus to be a minor nuisance. Alfine 11 has the same close and even gear spacing as Rohloff, except for the big jump between gears 1 and 2, which wouldn't be an issue for me as on steep hills I often change 2 or 3 gears at a time on the Rohloff.