Yes, hub-deep crossings are never going to be a good thing for most hubs, more-so the Rohloff which has more mechanicals to get corroded. That first photo would demand action to replace the oil; the second is more routine - no action required.
The Rohloff has an oil-seal I believe, not a water-tight seal. The oil is able to penetrate out of the seal to carry any dirt away from the hub, but water might be able to get in if handled incorrectly.
I don't believe that normal rain is any sort of issue. My bike has sat in the rain many times with no ill effects. Carriage on a car rack will be unlikely to cause harm, certainly not an in-line roof-rack. My bike travels on a transverse tow-bar rack and the hub is sheltered by the vehicle. If it was on a transverse rack, out in the elements, say on the front of a car/bus, in heavy rain, this could be a concern. Similarly, do not leave the Rohloff laying down on its side overnight in rain (also not recommended as the oil may run out of the hub seal.... on one side I think). I us a kickstand to keep my bike upright.
I have the SON28 front hub, which also does not like any water submersion as it has a breather hole in the middle of the hollow axle to give air pressure equalisation and avoid moisture being sucked through the cartridge bearing seals with sudden temperature changes, into the hub dynamo internals. So overall, deep river crossings are a no-no for me.