On my Sherpa, I do not recall if the downtube and headtube are open to both the seattube and headtube or not. I was surprised when I recently built up a Nomad MkII that there was a piece of tape covering the toptube and downtube holes inside the headtube. I concluded that the tape was installed by Thorn to keep water out of those tubes if water got past the upper headset bearing. My Nomad has S&S couplings, so water can't get down to the bottom bracket from this route of water entry, but if those tubes are open on both ends, that could be a route of water ingress to the Sherpa bottom bracket.
I have no clue how water got into my Sherpa on a tour I took in May were it rained for several days. But when I pulled the seatpost when I got home, I could see a bit of water down the seattube. I left the seatpost out of the bike to aid evaporation.
I honestly do not know how much damage water ingress into the frame will cause, assuming it is not salt water. A couple years ago I bought a used Bridgestone MB-6 that was built in the 1990s, it had been stored outside in the rain and snow for over a decade. A two inch diameter tree was growing up through the frame and had to be cut down so I could get the bike. Getting the bottom bracket out was a real chore and there was a lot of rust accumulated inside the tubing, but I gave it a thorough treatment of JP Weigle Frame Saver and regularly ride that bike for nearby errands. I also store it outside.
Before I built up the Nomad, I also gave it a good Frame Saver treatment, but I put new tape over those holes after I was done treating it.