The 5 and 6 refers to diameter, not length. Some Thorn bikes take a 5mm bolt, some take a 6mm. You are best off using the size that the bike was threaded for in my opinion, I have never heard of anyone converting a frame that was set up for 5mm to 6mm.
The Thorn Nomad Mk II frame has two 5mm bolt holes on each side, a stainless fitting with a 6mm threaded hole can be bolted to the frame with two 5mm bolts to allow 6mm rack bolts to be used, as shown in the photos. (Second photo has a much cleaner bike, first photo was on a bike tour and airplane pressure changes I think cause the oil leakage.)
I have drilled out a couple racks to handle 6mm bolts if the rack was sized for 5mm.
I am in USA, we often refer to a 5mm bolt as M5, and 6mm as M6. You might see it written that way on occasion.
Dan posted his response while I was typing the above so I am a bit redundant.